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Reference

UK Fishing Glossary

58 essential terms covering rigs, knots, tides, baits and kit — across sea, coarse and fly fishing. Anything we missed? Tell us.

A

Albright knot #
Line-to-line knot used to join mono to braid. Hold the heavier line in a loop, wrap the lighter line through it 8–10 times, thread back through and tighten.

B

Bait stop #
A small plastic or rubber peg pushed onto the hair behind a boilie to stop the bait sliding off. Often shaped as a dumbbell or tag.
See also: hair rig, boilie
Barbel #
A whisker-like sensory organ around the mouth (e.g. on cod or carp) used to taste-test the bottom. Also the name of the species Barbus barbus.
Beachcaster #
12–14 ft sea rod designed to throw 5–8 oz leads off open beaches. Stiff butt, progressive tip.
Boilie #
Round, dough-ball carp bait boiled to form a hard skin. Stays on the hair for hours and rejects small nuisance fish.
Bolt rig #
A self-hooking carp setup where the fish picks up the bait, feels the lead, bolts, and drives the hook home against the weight of the fixed lead.
See also: hair rig

C

Caster #
A chrysalis-stage maggot — pale, buoyant, deadly hookbait for roach, chub and bream.
See also: maggot
Catch and release #
Returning a fish unharmed after a brief photo / measurement. Standard for UK coarse fishing; common for under-size or vulnerable sea species (smoothhound, ballan wrasse).
Chod rig #
A short, stiff carp rig that presents a pop-up bait clear of weed or silt. The hooklink slides on the leadcore so the lead can detach on the take.
Cyprinid #
The carp family — carp, roach, rudd, tench, bream, chub, barbel, dace and gudgeon are all cyprinids.

D

Deadbait #
Whole or part dead fish (mackerel, sardine, smelt, herring) used as bait — primarily for pike, conger and other piscivores.
See also: pike deadbait pater
Drag #
The slipping clutch on a reel that lets a hooked fish take line under controlled pressure. Set to roughly a third of the line's breaking strain.
Drop shot #
A finesse lure rig with the hook tied off a tag halfway up the line and the weight on the end — perfect for perch and zander in tight cover.
See also: drop shot
Dropper #
Any short side-link that branches off the mainline or trace to present a hook above or below the main bait. Common on multi-hook flapper rigs.

E

EA rod licence #
An Environment Agency rod licence is legally required to fish for any freshwater fish in England and Wales. Buy online or at the Post Office before your first cast.
Ebb tide #
A falling tide — water moving from high to low. The fishing opposite of a flood tide.
See also: flood tide

F

Flapper rig #
A multi-hook sea rig that "flaps" two or three snoods off the trace during the cast. Two-hook variants for clean ground; three-hook for whiting bashing in winter.
See also: two hook flapper
Float #
A buoyant bait carrier (cork, balsa, plastic) that suspends a bait at a chosen depth and signals takes by dipping under.
See also: waggler, stick float
Flood tide #
A rising tide — water moving from low to high. Often the most productive shore-fishing window.
See also: ebb tide

G

Gravel bar #
A submerged ridge of gravel running through a lake or pit. Carp and bream patrol the edges; a classic feature to bait up.
Groundbait #
A wetted mix of breadcrumb, fishmeal and binders thrown in to attract a swim. Released through a feeder or balled in by hand.
See also: method feeder

H

Hair rig #
A short loop of line tied off the back of the hook on which the bait sits — the hook itself stays exposed so it hooks cleanly when a carp picks the bait up and tries to eject it.
See also: hair rig
Helicopter rig #
A carp rig with the hooklink mounted on a swivel that spins freely on the leader between two stoppers — so it rotates ("helicopters") around the leader on the cast and doesn't tangle.
Hooklength #
The short final section of line that the hook is tied to. Lighter than the mainline so a snag will break the hook off rather than lose the whole rig.

I

Inline lead #
A lead with a hole bored through its centre that the mainline threads through, with a soft-rubber tail-rubber pushing onto the swivel below. Foundational for carp rigs.
See also: hair rig

J

Jerkbait #
A short, deep-bodied lure worked in sharp left/right twitches — the classic pike spinning lure.

K

Keepnet #
A long mesh net used to hold caught coarse fish alive in the water during a session, then weighed and released at the end. Banned on some carp waters; check rules.

L

Leader #
A length of line (often heavier or different material) joined to the mainline — used as a shock leader on a beach cast, an abrasion leader on rocky ground, or a near-invisible fluoro leader on finesse lure rigs.
See also: albright knot
Ledger #
Any rig that puts a lead on the bottom and a bait nearby — "ledger fishing". Running ledger, bolt rig and method feeder are all ledger variants.
See also: running ledger
Lugworm #
A common UK shore bait dug from sandy ground at low tide. Black ("yellowtails") and blow lug versions exist. Top bait for cod, bass and flatfish.

M

Mackerel strip #
A side fillet of mackerel cut into long flag-like strips. A staple sea bait — flutters on the trace and bleeds attractant scent.
Maggot #
Fly larvae, dyed red or yellow, the universal UK coarse hookbait. Pinkies and squatts are smaller variants.
Mainline #
The reel line running from spool to lead — the load-bearing part of the setup. Sized to the species (10 lb for general coarse, 15–20 lb for carp, 30+ lb for shore-cast cod).
Method feeder #
A moulded inline feeder around which groundbait + pellets is pressed. Short hooklink + hookbait sits on the pile when it lands; fish find the bait first, eat the hook second.
See also: method feeder
Moon phase #
The ~29.5-day cycle from new moon → full moon. Spring tides occur within a day or two of new and full moons; neaps fall around the quarters.
See also: spring tide, neap tide

N

Neap tide #
A small tidal range — high and low tides closer together vertically — that follows the moon's first and last quarters. Less water moves; useful for boat fishing, harder for shore.
See also: spring tide

P

Paternoster #
A rig with one or more snoods coming off the mainline above the lead. The lead sits on the bottom and the bait hangs off-bottom on a snood. Used at sea for cod and at fresh water for pike (live or deadbait).
See also: pike deadbait pater
Peeler crab #
A shore crab that has shed its hard outer shell and is soft underneath. Held together with elastic on the hook — one of the deadliest UK shore baits for bass and smoothhound.
Pellet waggler #
A surface / upper-water float rig fished with small pellets to draw carp up off the bottom and within sight. Summer commercial-water staple.
See also: waggler
Pennel rig #
A two-hook setup with one hook fixed at the top of a bait (e.g. through the head of a peeler crab) and a second sliding hook below — so the bottom hook can shift to the bait's weakest point.
Pop-up #
A buoyant boilie that sits a few inches above the lakebed thanks to internal cork or foam. Combined with a heavier "bottom bait" or fished critically balanced.
See also: boilie
Pulley rig #
A heavy-ground sea rig that lifts the lead clear of snags on the strike — line runs from rod through a swivel at the top of the trace, with the lead on a weaker break-link below the swivel.
See also: pulley rig

R

Ragworm #
A red-brown marine worm with visible legs. Top sea bait for flounder, plaice, bass and wrasse. King ragworm grows huge and accounts for big fish.
Rod licence #
See "EA rod licence". Required for any freshwater fishing in England and Wales — separate licence in Scotland (free) and Northern Ireland (paid).
See also: ea rod licence
Running ledger #
The simplest sea or freshwater bottom rig: a free-running lead on the mainline above a swivel, with a hooklength below the swivel. Fish can pick up the bait without feeling the lead.
See also: running ledger

S

Sandeel #
A slender silver fish ~10–25 cm long that bass, pollack, mackerel and many sea species feed on. Used as bait whole or in strips; lure imitations are also widespread.
Slack water #
The brief window between flood and ebb (or vice versa) when the tide isn't running. Sometimes the best window for shore fishing on heavy-flow marks; sometimes the worst.
See also: ebb tide, flood tide
Snell knot #
A knot that wraps the hooklink around the shank of a hook so the line exits behind the bend — pulls the hook over and into the fish's mouth on the take. Used on circle hooks and traditional bait rigs.
Snood #
The branch line off a sea rig that holds a hook. Length and thickness matter: short stiff snoods to keep baits high; long flowing snoods to present baits naturally.
See also: long flowing trace
Spring tide #
A large tidal range — high tide higher, low tide lower — that follows new and full moons. More water moving, often more productive for shore fishing.
See also: neap tide
Stick float #
A long, slim river float with a wire stem and balsa body. Fished trotted down a steady glide for roach, dace and chub.
See also: float
Swim #
The patch of water you're actively fishing — your "peg" on a commercial water, or your chosen spot on a free stretch.

T

Tail #
The trailing fin (caudal fin) of a fish. "Tail-walking" describes a hooked fish thrashing on the surface tail-up — a sea bass classic.
Tide gauge #
An EA station that measures water height in real time. The UK's gauges are queryable via the flood-monitoring API; fish-logged auto-attaches the nearest gauge's reading to sea catches.
Trace #
The full piece of line from swivel to hook, including any droppers — the "rig" proper. Wire trace is mandatory for pike to defeat their teeth.

W

Waggler #
A bottom-end-loaded float (a swan quill or peacock-style) cocked by a shot under it. Cast out, settles upright, dips when the bait's taken.
See also: float
Whip #
A short, telescopic, line-tied pole used for small fish at close range — no reel. The starter setup for most UK anglers.
Wishbone rig #
A two-hook trace with both snoods coming off a Y-shaped wire former — both baits flutter side by side. Big-fish presentation for cod, conger and bull huss.
See also: wishbone rig

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